Python-basic-operators

Python-基本演算子

演算子は、オペランドの値を操作できる構造です。

式4 + 5 = 9を考えてください。 ここで、4と5はオペランドと呼ばれ、+は演算子と呼ばれます。

オペレーターの種類

Python言語は、次のタイプの演算子をサポートしています。

• 算術演算子
• 比較（関係）演算子
• 割り当て演算子
• 論理演算子
• ビット演算子
• 会員オペレーター
• アイデンティティ演算子

すべての演算子を1つずつ見てみましょう。

Pythonの算術演算子

変数aが10を保持し、変数bが20を保持すると仮定します-

{空} [link：/python/arithmetic_operators_example [例を表示]]

Operator	Description	Example
+ Addition	Adds values on either side of the operator.	a + b = 30
- Subtraction	Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand.	a – b = -10
*Multiplication	Multiplies values on either side of the operator	a* b = 200
/Division	Divides left hand operand by right hand operand	b/a = 2
% Modulus	Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder	b % a = 0
** Exponent	Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators	a**b =10 to the power 20
//	Floor Division - The division of operands where the result is the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed. But if one of the operands is negative, the result is floored, i.e., rounded away from zero (towards negative infinity) −	9//2 = 4 and 9.0//2.0 = 4.0, -11//3 = -4, -11.0//3 = -4.0

Python比較演算子

これらの演算子は、それらの両側の値を比較し、それらの間の関係を決定します。 関係演算子とも呼ばれます。

変数aが10を保持し、変数bが20を保持すると仮定します-

{空} [link：/python/comparison_operators_example [例を表示]]

Operator	Description	Example
==	If the values of two operands are equal, then the condition becomes true.	(a == b) is not true.
!=	If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true.	(a != b) is true.
<>	If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true.	(a <> b) is true. This is similar to != operator.
>	If the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a > b) is not true.
<	If the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a < b) is true.
>=	If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a >= b) is not true.
⇐	If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.	(a ⇐ b) is true.

Python割り当て演算子

変数aが10を保持し、変数bが20を保持すると仮定します-

{空} [link：/python/assignment_operators_example [例を表示]]

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	c = a + b assigns value of a + b into c
+= Add AND	It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand	c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
-= Subtract AND	It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand	c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
*= Multiply AND	It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand	c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a
/= Divide AND	It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand	c/= a is equivalent to c = c/a
%= Modulus AND	It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand	c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a
**= Exponent AND	Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand	c **= a is equivalent to c = c * *a
//= Floor Division	It performs floor division on operators and assign value to the left operand	c//= a is equivalent to c = c//a

Pythonビット単位演算子

ビット単位演算子はビットに対して機能し、ビットごとの演算を実行します。 a = 60の場合;およびb = 13;バイナリ形式では、それらの値はそれぞれ0011 1100と0000 1101になります。 次の表に、Python言語でサポートされているビットごとの演算子とそれらの例をそれぞれ示します。上記の2つの変数（aおよびb）をオペランドとして使用します-

a = 0011 1100

b = 0000 1101

a＆b = 0000 1100

a | b = 0011 1101

a ^ b = 0011 0001

〜a = 1100 0011

Python言語でサポートされている次のビット単位の演算子があります

{空} [link：/python/bitwise_operators_example [例を表示]]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Operator |Description |Example |& Binary AND |Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands |(a & b) (means 0000 1100) || Binary OR |It copies a bit if it exists in either operand. |(a | b) = 61 (means 0011 1101) |^ Binary XOR |It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. |(a ^ b) = 49 (means 0011 0001) |~ Binary Ones Complement |It is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. |(~a ) = -61 (means 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number. |<< Binary Left Shift |The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |a << 2 = 240 (means 1111 0000) |>> Binary Right Shift |The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |a >> 2 = 15 (means 0000 1111)
|===

=== Python論理演算子

Python言語でサポートされている論理演算子は次のとおりです。 変数aが10を保持し、変数bが20を保持すると仮定します

{空} [link：/python/logical_operators_example [例を表示]]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Operator |Description |Example |and Logical AND |If both the operands are true then condition becomes true. |(a and b) is true. |or Logical OR |If any of the two operands are non-zero then condition becomes true. |(a or b) is true. |not Logical NOT |Used to reverse the logical state of its operand. |Not(a and b) is false.
|===

=== Pythonメンバーシップオペレーター

Pythonのメンバーシップ演算子は、文字列、リスト、タプルなどのシーケンスのメンバーシップをテストします。 以下に説明するように2つのメンバーシップ演算子があります-

{空} [link：/python/membership_operators_example [例を表示]]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Operator |Description |Example |in |Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. |x in y, here in results in a 1 if x is a member of sequence y. |not in |Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. |x not in y, here not in results in a 1 if x is not a member of sequence y.
|===

=== Python IDオペレーター

アイデンティティ演算子は、2つのオブジェクトのメモリ位置を比較します。 以下に説明する2つのアイデンティティ演算子があります-

{空} [link：/python/identity_operators_example [例を表示]]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Operator |Description |Example |is |Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise. |x is y, here* is *results in 1 if id(x) equals id(y). |is not |Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise. |x is not y, here* is not* results in 1 if id(x) is not equal to id(y).
|===

=== Python演算子の優先順位

次の表に、優先順位の高いものから低いものまで、すべての演算子を示します。

{空} [link：/python/operators_precedence_example [例を表示]]

[width="100%",cols="50%,50%",options="header",]
|===
|Sr.No. |Operator & Description |1 a|
**** ****

べき乗（累乗）

|2 a| *~ + -*

補数、単項プラスおよびマイナス（最後の2つのメソッド名は+ @および-@）

|3 a|
 */％//*

乗算、除算、モジュロ、およびフロア除算

|4 a| *+ -*

加減

|5 a| *>> <<*

左右のビット単位シフト

|6 a| *&*

ビット単位の「AND」

|7 a| *^ |*

ビット単位の排他的な「OR」および通常の「OR」

|8 a| *<= < > >=*

比較演算子

|9 a| *<> == !=*

平等演算子

|10 a| *= %=/=//= -= += *= **=*

割り当て演算子

|11 a| *is is not*

アイデンティティ演算子

|12 a| *in not in*

会員事業者

|13 a| *not or and*

論理演算子

|===

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