D-programming-operators

Dプログラミング-演算子

演算子は、特定の数学的または論理的な操作を実行するようコンパイラーに指示する記号です。 D言語は組み込みの演算子が豊富であり、次の種類の演算子を提供します-

• 算術演算子
• 関係演算子
• 論理演算子
• ビット演算子
• 割り当て演算子
• その他の演算子

この章では、算術、関係、論理、ビット単位、割り当て、およびその他の演算子を1つずつ説明します。

算術演算子

次の表は、D言語でサポートされているすべての算術演算子を示しています。 変数 A が10を保持し、変数 B が20を保持すると仮定します-

リンク：/d_programming/d_programming_arithmetic_operators [例を表示]

Operator	Description	Example
+	It adds two operands.	A + B gives 30
-	It subtracts second operand from the first.	A - B gives -10
*	It multiplies both operands.	A* B gives 200
/	It divides numerator by denumerator.	B/A gives 2
%	It returns remainder of an integer division.	B % A gives 0
++	The increment operator increases integer value by one.	A++ gives 11
—	The decrements operator decreases integer value by one.	A-- gives 9

関係演算子

次の表は、D言語でサポートされているすべての関係演算子を示しています。 変数 A が10を保持し、変数 B が20を保持すると仮定します-

リンク：/d_programming/d_programming_relational_operators [例を表示]

Operator	Description	Example
==	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A == B) is not true.
!=	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.	(A != B) is true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A > B) is not true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A < B) is true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A >= B) is not true.
⇐	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A ⇐ B) is true.

論理演算子

次の表は、D言語でサポートされているすべての論理演算子を示しています。 変数 A が1を保持し、変数 B が0を保持すると仮定します-

リンク：/d_programming/d_programming_logical_operators [例を表示]

Operator	Description	Example
&&	It is called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then condition becomes true.	(A && B) is false.
It is called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero, then condition becomes true.	(A
B) is true.	!	It is called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.

ビット演算子

ビットごとの演算子はビットに対して機能し、ビットごとの操作を実行します。 ＆、|、および^の真理値表は次のとおりです-

p	q	p & q	p	q
p ^ q	0	0	0	0
0	0	1	0	1
1	1	1	1	1
0	1	0	0	1

A = 60であると仮定します。およびB = 13。 バイナリ形式では、次のようになります-

A = 0011 1100

B = 0000 1101

A＆B = 0000 1100

A | B = 0011 1101

A ^ B = 0011 0001

〜A = 1100 0011

D言語でサポートされているビット演算子は、次の表にリストされています。 変数Aが60を保持し、変数Bが13を保持すると仮定します-

リンク：/d_programming/d_programming_bitwise_operators [例を表示]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Operator |Description |Example |& |Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. |(A & B) will give 12, Means 0000 1100. || |Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. |(A | B) gives 61. Means 0011 1101. |^ |Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. |(A ^ B) gives 49. Means 0011 0001 |~ |Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. |(~A ) gives -61. Means 1100 0011 in 2's complement form. |<< |Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |A << 2 give 240. Means 1111 0000 |>> |Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |A >> 2 give 15. Means 0000 1111.
|===

=== 割り当て演算子

次の代入演算子はD言語でサポートされています-

リンク：/d_programming/d_programming_assignment_operators [例を表示]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Operator |Description |Example |= |It is simple assignment operator. It assigns values from right side operands to left side operand |C = A + B assigns value of A + B into C |+= |It is add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand |C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |-= |It is subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. |C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A |*= |It is multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to left operand. |C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |/= |It is divide AND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. |C/= A is equivalent to C = C/A |%= |It is modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. |C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |<<= |It is Left shift AND assignment operator. |C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |>>= |It is Right shift AND assignment operator. |C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |&= |It is bitwise AND assignment operator. |C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |^= |It is bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. |C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 ||= |It is bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator |C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2
|===

=== Miscillaneous Operators − SizeofおよびTernary

 *sizeof* や*？など、他の重要な演算子はほとんどありません。 ：* D言語でサポートされています。

リンク：/d_programming/d_programming_sizeof_operator [例を表示]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Operator |Description |Example |sizeof() |Returns the size of an variable. |sizeof(a), where a is integer, returns 4. |& |Returns the address of a variable. |&a; gives actual address of the variable. |* |Pointer to a variable. |*a; gives pointer to a variable. |? : |Conditional Expression |If condition is true then value X: Otherwise value Y.
|===

=== Dの演算子の優先順位

演算子の優先順位は、式内の用語のグループ化を決定します。 これは、式の評価方法に影響します。 特定の演算子は他の演算子よりも優先されます。

たとえば、乗算演算子は加算演算子よりも優先順位が高くなります。

式を考えてみましょう

x = 7 + 3 * 2。

ここで、xには20ではなく13が割り当てられます。 単純な理由は、演算子*の優先順位が+より高いため、最初に3 * 2が計算され、次に結果が7に加算されるからです。

ここでは、優先順位が最も高い演算子が表の上部に表示され、優先順位が最も低い演算子が下部に表示されます。 式内では、優先順位の高い演算子が最初に評価されます。

リンク：/d_programming/d_programming_operators_precedence [例を表示]

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|Category |Operator |Associativity |Postfix |() [] -> . ++ - - |Left to right |Unary |+ - ! ~ ++ - - (type)* & sizeof |Right to left |Multiplicative | */% |Left to right |Additive |+ - |Left to right |Shift |<< >> |Left to right |Relational |< <= > >= |Left to right |Equality |== != |Left to right |Bitwise AND |& |Left to right |Bitwise XOR |^ |Left to right |Bitwise OR || |Left to right |Logical AND |&& |Left to right |Logical OR ||| |Left to right |Conditional |?: |Right to left |Assignment |= += -=* =/= %=>>= <<= &= ^= |= |Right to left |Comma |, |Left to right
|===