Chemistry-part2-chemistry-nobel-prize
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化学-ノーベル賞
- Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff(オランダの科学者)は、1901年にノーベル化学賞を受賞した最初の人物です。
- ヤコブスヘンリカスは、彼の研究、つまり「化学動力学と溶液中の浸透圧の法則」でノーベル賞を受賞しました。
- 1901年から2016年にかけて、合計174人の化学者がノーベル賞を受賞しました。
- 当時、4人の女性が化学でノーベル賞を受賞しています。
- マリー・キュリーは、ノーベル化学賞を受賞した最初の女性でした。
- 次の表は、化学でノーベル賞を受賞した個人の名前とその作品(受賞者)を示しています-
Name | Country (year) | Work/Area |
---|---|---|
Svante August Arrhenius | Sweden (1903) | Electrolytic theory of dissociation |
Sir William Ramsay | UK (1904) | Discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air |
Ernest Rutherford | UK/New Zealand (1908) | Chemistry of radioactive substances |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie | Poland/France (1911) | Discovery of the elements radium and polonium |
Alfred Werner | Switzerland (1913) | Linkage of atoms in molecules |
Theodore William Richards | US (1914) | Determinations of the atomic weight |
Walter Norman Haworth | UK (1937) | Investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C |
Paul Karrer | Switzerland (1937) | investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 |
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt | Germany (1939) | Work on sex hormones |
Otto Hahn | Germany (1944) | Discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei |
John Howard Northrop & Wendell Meredith Stanley | US (1946) | Preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form |
Vincent du Vigneaud | US (1955) | First synthesis of a polypeptide hormone |
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood & Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov | UK & Soviet Union (1956) | Mechanism of chemical reactions |
Frederick Sanger | UK (1958) | The structure of proteins (especially insulin) |
Willard Frank Libby | US (1960) | Method to use carbon-14 for age determination |
Melvin Calvin | US (1961) | Carbon dioxide assimilation in plants |
Karl Ziegler & Giulio Natta | Germany & Italy (1963) | Chemistry and technology of high polymers |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | UK (1964) | Determinations by X-ray techniques |
Paul J. Flory | US (1974) | Physical chemistry of macromolecules |
Paul Berg | US (1980) | recombinant-DNA |
Aaron Klug | UK (1982) | Development of crystallographic electron microscopy |
Henry Taube | US (1983) | Mechanisms of electron transfer reactions |
Robert Bruce Merrifield | US (1984) | Methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix |
Elias James Corey | US (1990) | Methodology of organic synthesis |
Richard R. Ernst | Switzerland (1991) | Methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy |
Kary B. Mullis | US (1993) | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method |
George A. Olah | US & Hungary (1994) | Carbocation chemistry |
Peter Agre | US (2003) | Discovery of water channels (cell membranes) |
Roger D. Kornberg | US (2006) | Molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription |
Gerhard Ertl | Germany (2007) | Chemical processes on solid surfaces |
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, & Ada E. Yonath | 2009 | Structure and function of the ribosome |
Tomas Lindahl, Paul L. Modrich, & Aziz Sancar | 2015 | DNA repair |
Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart, & Ben Feringa | 2016 | Design and synthesis of molecular machines |