Accounting-basics-cost-accounting-vs-financial-accounting
提供:Dev Guides
原価計算と財務会計
原価計算と財務会計の両方は、管理者が組織のポリシーを策定および制御するのに役立ちます。 財務管理は純損益の全体像を示し、原価計算は製品ごとの詳細な分析を提供します。
間違いなく、両方の目的は同じです。しかし、財務会計と原価計算には多くの違いがあります。 たとえば、企業が10種類の製品を扱っている場合、財務会計は、材料費、人件費、運賃、直接費、間接費などのさまざまなカテゴリの費用頭で、合計ですべての製品の情報を提供します。 対照的に、原価計算では、各ユニットで消費される材料費、人件費、直接および間接費用など、製品ごとのオーバーヘッドの詳細が示されます。 原価計算の助けを借りて、製品ごとのコスト、販売価格、収益性が得られます。
次の表は、財務会計と原価計算の最も重要な違いを広くカバーしています。
Point of Differences | Financial Accounting | Cost Accounting |
---|---|---|
Meaning | Recoding of transactions is part of financial accounting. We make financial statements through these transactions. With the help of financial statements, we analyze the profitability and financial position of a company. | Cost accounting is used to calculate cost of the product and also helpful in controlling cost. In cost accounting, we study about variable costs, fixed costs, semi-fixed costs, overheads and capital cost. |
Purpose | Purpose of the financial statement is to show correct financial position of the organization. | To calculate cost of each unit of product on the basis of which we can take accurate decisions. |
Recording | Estimation in recording of financial transactions is not used. It is based on actual transactions only. | In cost accounting, we book actual transactions and compare it with the estimation. Hence costing is based on the estimation of cost as well as on the recording of actual transactions. |
Controlling | Correctness of transaction is important without taking care of cost control. | Cost accounting done with the purpose of control over cost with the help of costing tools like standard costing and budgetary control. |
Period | Period of reporting of financial accounting is at the end of financial year. | Reporting under cost accounting is done as per the requirement of management or as-and-when-required basis. |
Reporting | In financial accounting, costs are recorded broadly. | In cost accounting, minute reporting of cost is done per-unit wise. |
Fixation of Selling Price | Fixation of selling price is not an objective of financial accounting. | Cost accounting provides sufficient information, which is helpful in determining selling price. |
Relative Efficiency | Relative efficiency of workers, plant, and machinery cannot be determined under it. | Valuable information about efficiency is provided by cost accountant. |
Valuation of Inventory | Valuation basis is ‘cost or market price whichever is less’ | Cost accounting always considers the cost price of inventories. |
Process | Journal entries, ledger accounts, trial balance, and financial statements | Cost of sale of product(s), addition of margin and determination of selling price of the product. |